Orientations of the parties at the Jeddah Summit for Security and Development

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Atheer Nazim Al-Jasour, Faculty of Science, Al-Mustansiriya University.

Fromone summit to another, the father  works to document her fears and work through them to confirm her desires and achieve what she aspires to, and  that such summits not only work to determine the relationship between their parties, but also push towards embracing new formulas, whether political, economic or military, based on a number of common factors among them to make joint action a model that pushes countries to be active in their surroundings and effective.In its issues and the issues of other countries, the summit carries in its title two basic variables suffered by many countries of the region, especially those that have suffered fierce setbacks, whether at the hands of the major powers represented by the United States of America or those that suffered from internal fissures or others that suffered from terrorism and the growth of terrorist groups in them, so the two meetings necessarily consider the issues of the region specific to their orientations, especially and there is a great feeling among everyone that they must  They proceed according to different premises and strategies because of the surprises that the international and regional box holds, and the solutions that stabilize their security andthe region.

Countries participating in the Jeddah Summit and their representatives

There were a number of issues centered on the threat, the economy, energy, Israel and setting priorities,  whether for Arab  countries or major powers, as a result of the summit and the reasons that made them  go  towards the idea of joint action that achieves integration and cooperation in many aspects, and this reflectsa strategic change for some countries and the need for integration in    other countries in addition to the idea of achieving interests, It may be read from the reality of the participating countries that  there are countries that have become essential in the region and others that must be present because of the need to cooperate with them and integrate them into this new structure, such as Iraq, with the absence of some or key partners such as  Turkey and the  presence of Israel even if it does not attend, and through that,  the meeting stressed the following:

1-   Support targeted diplomatic effortsto de-escalate regional tensions.

2-   Deepening defence, security and intelligence cooperation.

3-    Ensure the freedom and security of maritime lanes.

4-   Ensure that the Gulf region is free of all weapons of mass destruction;

5-   Prevent Iran from developing a nuclear weapon by pursuing diplomatic efforts.

6-    Confronting terrorism and all activities that destabilize security and stability.

7-    Cooperation and coordination between the countries gathered todevelop joint defense and deterrence capabilities against the increasing risks of the proliferation of drone and winged missile systems, and the arming of "terrorist militias" and armed groups, continued.

8-   Developing joint cooperation in support of international economic improvement efforts.

Although the Jeddah summit came out with decisions and statements launched by the leaders of the countries that many see as consistent in terms of content and objectives, the reality of regional and international events poses a set of challenges that we see hindering the implementation of what came out of this summit, yes, harmony between countries is required at the current stage, but the question here is whether the issues addressed and the decisions that came out of it are in fact consistent with their political, economic and security interests?, especially since they are a set of measures that require Involving allies  and friends to find  new formulas through  which to deal with events in the region and the world, and to  find important solutions to all the challenges that hinder countries' projects, progress and stability at the internal and external levels, as a result, there are different trends or even to be more accurate There are three basic trends that prioritize goals and interests and reduce, reduce or contain risks after the challenges facing the region have been diagnosed first and launched Towards finding solutions or at least finding alternatives to reduce the roles that may be obstructive to thisor that direction,  as well as the fear of the effects that regional and global events may have on the economies of countries, in addition to the most important issue of protecting and safety of energy supply lines.

What we are trying to show here is that the assembled parties are unequal in capabilities, meaning that they are unable to unite their efforts due to a set of factors that required these countries to participate in achieving such a summit, the most important of which is the security factor, which has become one of the biggest challenges facing these countries, especially terrorism, which is on the outskirts of their borders, and the wars in which they have immersed themselves, which made them stand in front of a security dilemma that threatens this in all aspects, especially as they try to control TheGulf Arab states suffer from the problem  of the danger they fear represented by the Iranian orientations and  its quest to acquire nuclear weapons, in addition to the social issues that they are trying to surround and contain afterIran's political and social orientations are considered one of the biggest challenges facing them, and therefore they are working to limit this danger by finding formulas of cooperation with regional partners. And the international to reduce this danger, also dominates the Gulf scene the idea of leadership for which Qatar and Saudi Arabia compete by presenting visions and directions separately to influence the partners, and this as a result is in the achievement of interests,  and the other direction is what the United States of America sees,  as it starts from three directions in the region, the first is to work to limit  Iran And maximizing its danger in the region through the discourse directed by  the  US administration, which believes that the presence of  an adversary or enemy such as Iran in the region gives it pretexts for intervention and believesthat the countries of this region will still need the presence of the American umbrella  to protect it,  and the other direction  has become necessary forAmerican strategic thinking topreserve its interests in the region through presence and communication And participation in such summits  in the hope that they will produce more accurate cooperation formulas to fight Iran and other countries that are obstructive  to American projects in the region, and the third trend for the United States  is to ensure the security of the Israeli entity and   ward off the danger and work to produce formulas of cooperation with it even if it is objected to its arbitrary measures against the Palestinian people, as for the orientations of other countries, the rest of the Gulf countries are in the orbit of the Kingdom Saudi Arabia or working under the umbrella of the Gulf Cooperation Council, and Egypt is trying to formulate a  new model of  work, partnership and integration to restore its role in leading the Arab front, as for Iraq, cooperation, participation and mutual need The rest of the countries see in Iraq today a product of  stability and a product of instability, in addition to that itis trying to drag Iraq into the Arab embrace again mmIt helps to strengthen its role within it and control Iranian and American influence in it.

What the assembled countries did not see is that there is a major crack  in the security of the region, which in turn affects  the security of the political and economic countries, and the most important energy security, which occupied the thinking of the leaders at this summit, as the latter is the sustainability of the continuation of  these countries andany threat to the  continued flow of energy (oil - gas) will calm downD necessarily their national security, and the other aspect  that the discussion of developments related to security and development is in itself indicates that these countries could  have worked to sustain development in many countries, especially those that intervened in the issue of changing the regimes in them and today they are failed states unable to rule their people, but more than that, violence prevailed, extremism, poverty and displacement, as they moved away from the idea of Arab security and integration in political issues. There   can be no plans to arrange priorities unless there is serious work to achieve peace at various levels, especially with  parties that countries see as threatening them, such as Turkey and Iran. Also, there was no talk about comprehensive national security for all Arab and non-Arab countries, such as American  and Israeli national security, and  this is due to the fact that the countries of the region are fragmented into political units, each with its own system and independent political decision, which is moving towards the narrow policy of the Qatari state, which makes it difficult to unify its political, economic and military decision, so the issue of the countries gathered in fact does not come out of the scope of focus on maintaining the existence of the state entity land, people and system, in conclusion, the Jeddah summit It is only the top of the order of cards for countries with regard to their  interests, objectives and the consequences of the  outcomes of  regional and international events, considering that the security and development of  these countries is a national trend that does not exceed borders, in the end it will not be considered a cross-border strategy.